Any negative will affect any one. Be it a child or an adult.
Children tend to bend and adjust more then an adult would.
Between my wife's family and my own there are 17 children (brothers and sisters) of the 17 all drank at one point or another in life and now 8 of the 17 don't drink. 2 of the 17 most would say have a drinking problem.
My own children (4) are all of legal drinking age. I have not drank for some time now (long enough that none of them would remember ever seeing me drink) Of the 4, 3 drink and one doesn't. From my own observations of those around me... it is the individual I would say more so then the upbringing around alcohol.
Negatives affect us all... any negative. It is how we learn to deal with such I think, that would say what kind of impact the negatives have on each.
The 12 steps can be a way of life for everyone.