I believe that the other people in our lives are mirrors. Some reflect the good in us, some reflect the bad. In turn, we reflect upon those close to us as well. I think it's possible he sees reflected in you some stuff about himself that he is not proud of. An emotionally mature person deals with these less than ideal reflections by trying to better understand themselves. An emotionally immature one lashes out and tries to smash the mirror.
If I were you, though, I'd not be asking 'why does he behave this way with me' but 'why do I put up with being treated so badly.' You're better than that!