I don't know how recovering alcoholics are while going through the process, but my own experience with an active one is that everything revolves around them. How dare you not be available in my time of need when I was ready to talk to you. Why can't I get a hold of you? There should be nothing more important than me right now.
What your bf did sounds like mine. If I don't answer either of my phones or call him back within a certain time he freezes me out. Goes into this spiteful mode where he figures he'll show me what it's like and when I return his call he won't answer. Then he'll call me back when HE wants to.
If this had been anyone else, they would have simply left the message and waited for you to call them back. He's throwing guilt at you. Don't let him.