Some of the terms, like "God conciousness" werent really explained.
Its extremely difficult to study the efficacy of AA because at its core 12 step programs are at odds with the current medical understanding of alcohol-related problems. For example, the word "alcoholism" is specific to AA-a condition brought on by a spiritual disease that left untreated will progress to death.
No matter how many AA concepts are accepted in the field of psychology, and no matter how many people get well after finding an AA meeting, you can't compare medical treatments which prove (or claim) to reduce drinking and a spiritual awakening which may *never* come. Yes, you can see how many stopped or reduced their drinking with AA, but I'd venture to say anyone who really tries with support will find some success-no matter which method they choose. A good study would have to compare people who try really hard at 2 more programs to see if AA is effective.
I'm NOT saying that AA isnt effective. Tons of people have gotten sober after finding it. If you're reading this and have never tried it, decide for yourself.