Message Boards and Forums Directory
ALCOHOL ADDICTION
12 STEPS
Discuss and learn more about these
following steps for AA
CHAT MEETINGS
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
NARCOTICS ADDICTION
12 STEPS
Discuss and learn more about these
following steps for NA

Go Back   SoberRecovery : Alcoholism Drug Addiction Help and Information > Special-Interest Groups > Recovery and Pain Management
Register Blogs FAQ Calendar Arcade Mark Forums Read Chat Room [6]


Reply
 
LinkBack Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 08-03-2008, 05:12 PM   #1 (permalink)
Member
 
SistersHelp's Avatar
 

Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: Vancouver, BC
Posts: 502
Opiates addiction and pain management... sorting lies from truths

Hi... I'm looking for some opinions from people who understand how to manage pain in the context of opiate addiction.

My sister is currently taking OxyContin for back pain. She is highly addicted. The director at her rehab centre has been urging her to go to a detox centre and get completely off the opiates so she can work the program properly when she gets back.

My sister says no way.

She says she is afraid of the back pain returning. And she says her doctor doesn't recommend coming off the opiates.

This seems fishy to me.

But I am highly distrustful of my sister because she has been dishonest about all this for so long.

So... for those who are in the know... how have you dealt with situations like this? Are there options? Not seeking medical advice... just want to know if other options aside from a life of opiates exists.
SistersHelp is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2008, 06:22 PM   #2 (permalink)
Om, Aum, Ohm...
 
Sugah's Avatar
The willingness to get clean has to come from her. You can't give it to her, and, at least for me, until using became more painful than getting clean, I wasn't willing.

What's her back condition, if you don't mind sharing it?

Peace & Love,
Sugah
__________________

There's a train leaving nightly called when all is said and done
Keep me in your heart for awhile
~WZ

ANS 01/29/86 - 08/04/08
Sugah is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2008, 10:27 PM   #3 (permalink)
Member
 
SistersHelp's Avatar
 

Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: Vancouver, BC
Posts: 502
Hi Sugah,
Well, that's a really good question and it's a large part of the friction that currently exists. No one really knows for sure what's going on with her back. She was born with a slightly smaller left leg than right and it has always caused her to walk kind of askew. Over time, I think, this gait has caused her to have some back issues.

She has, however, been very dishonest about what's really going on and has claimed all kinds of medical problems that aren't real. She has pretended to have cancer, multiple sclerosis, and a whole host of other problems that she doesn't really have. Basically, it's nearly impossible to discern truth from fiction because she is so committed to find reasons to keep taking the OxyContin.

We've requested that she sign a release of information for the director of her recovery centre to talk directly to her doctor so some of this mystery can be sorted out.

Thanks for your reply... you're absolutely right when you say that the willingness to get clean has to come from her. Right now she's more interested in finding a doctor who will support her decision to take Oxy.
SistersHelp is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2008, 11:02 PM   #4 (permalink)
I love my Coastie and 44 MLB's
 
Latte's Avatar
 

Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Coos Bay, OR
Posts: 1,410
There was an Intervention episode with a lady who needed pain meds but also wanted to get clean. I think that they sent her to a rehab that specialized in pain management too. I know that Celebrity Rehab had a star that needed pain medicine also and they were working with him too. He decided to leave but I know that if a person is honest in wanting recovery that there is a way.

We have a member here who decided to go with a pain pump. Maybe he will chime in here.

There are many chronic pain patients who manage their pain without opiates. I am one. I focus on entire body health. Exercise, nutrition, vitamin supplements, meditation and distraction.

My thoughts are with you and your family.
__________________
I am so thankful for my sobriety




I think there are so many people who want to take as many freaks as possible for a ride on the drama train, and I can't afford the ticket, so forget it.

Idgie-
Latte is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-04-2008, 06:07 PM   #5 (permalink)
Member
 
kj3880's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Location: md
Posts: 2,796
This year, I had to get off of opiates and learn to manage my pain without them (rotator cuff injuries) to recover completely from addiction. But I don't know your sis' story. She might have more pain than I do at this time. Some people do need pain medication for long periods of time legitimately. My Dad has to take them for the rest of his life for horrible pain. These people do become physically dependant on opiates, but it can keep them functional.

It's impossible for us to tell because we aren't in their situation how much pain they are in. A lot of people are under-pain-medicated in our society according to the Society of Pain Mgt Doctors' web site, because of fear of addiction. As a result of this, and after having been in serious enough pain to need opiates after my surgery just to get out of bed, I try never to judge anyone else's pain management needs. That is best left to the doctor and the patient to decide. You can't see pain.
KJ
kj3880 is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-04-2008, 07:55 PM   #6 (permalink)
Member
 
SistersHelp's Avatar
 

Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: Vancouver, BC
Posts: 502
Quote:
Originally Posted by kj3880 View Post
That is best left to the doctor and the patient to decide. You can't see pain.
KJ
Thanks KJ, you're right. That's exactly what makes it so difficult to know what's best for everyone involved... and I appreciate the reminder.
SistersHelp is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-04-2008, 11:34 PM   #7 (permalink)
This catz gone wild!!!
 
jazpoppy's Avatar
 

Join Date: Apr 2004
Location: Wonderland...
Posts: 281
SisterHelp;

Well, you can look at it this way: She may just be exaggerating her pain, or she may REALLY need opiates to manage properly, that's if she has exhausted EVERY OTHER medication, Physical Therapy, and other NON-Narcotic methods first and pain has really ruined her life so she has a real need. It does sound kinda like she likes the oxy for more than just the pain, but I DON'T KNOW. If she really does need narcotics, methadone would be a better way to go, but I'm not a doctor she would need to talk to hers. If it turns out that she really does need narcotics pain management, she can get recovery and still take narcotics for her pain, its NOT EASY, but if she has a TEAM of doctors, counselors, sponsors, and family support, and she is NEVER in control of her own medication, it can be done. I am living proof (I take the methadone, I don't get high, I just get pain relief, and my bf gives me ONLY what I'm prescribed each day, and I go to meetings, have recovery friends, and stay on top of NEW INNOVATIVE approaches to pain management so I may NOT HAVE to stay on narcotics for the rest of my life. Think of it this way, there is a group called Over Eaters Annonymous, they are addicted to FOOD, but they can't stop eating food, we all need food to live, but through their recovery, friends, family, doctors, support groups, sponsors, and counseling, they CAN eat safely without relapsing to "abusive behaviors" towards food. Try to find out more information about her pain issues, I may be able to tell you where she should go for more information on how to alieviate her pain without narcotics or at least without a LOT of narcotics. Good luck.

Love

Jaz
__________________
Practice "self-compassion". Let go of those "stupid" everyday trivial things that can bring a recovering addict to their knees. Its more important to focus on yourself and love yourself even if you do "mess-up a bit".
jazpoppy is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-04-2008, 11:50 PM   #8 (permalink)
Member
 
SistersHelp's Avatar
 

Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: Vancouver, BC
Posts: 502
Jaz, thanks so much for this thoughtful and informative reply. My sister hasn't exhausted the other options you've mentioned and I would really like to see her try some other avenues... however, she is extremely reluctant to even try. Makes it difficult because of course it's her decision to make and since I can't speak to her doctor myself, I only get the information she chooses to give me. And unfortunately, she doesn't have a good history of honesty. I had no idea methadone could be administered to control pain... I have a lot to learn and I appreciate enormously that you've taken the time to educate me a bit. I love your food analogy and it helps me put things in perspective!
SistersHelp is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-11-2008, 10:21 AM   #9 (permalink)
same planet...different world
 
barb dwyer's Avatar
 

Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: butte mt
Posts: 7,973
Blog Entries: 3
Hi Sister -

One thing not mentioned in your first post that jazzie touched on is -

I'd be more concerned if she was going through her entire 'script in like ...
a week.

I mean, if she's taking the medication as prescribed -
You'd be amazed what won't get you high when you're really in pain.

Now speaking as turly unique addictive personality with great pain -
I too can become 'afraid' of pain when thinking about going off pain meds.

Now that I've dealt with other types of addiction ...
I've learned that ... they're two completely different animals.
__________________
Menopause ~ puberty with experience.
barb dwyer is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-14-2008, 07:52 PM   #10 (permalink)
This catz gone wild!!!
 
jazpoppy's Avatar
 

Join Date: Apr 2004
Location: Wonderland...
Posts: 281
Thanks Barb! I agree with everything you said in your post. Wish I didn't have the stubborn pain that I have, and wish I could truly not have to take ANYTHING to get through the day so I pray that one day I can at least get relief from chronic pain enough to not have to rely on medication. I haven't been high off pain medication since I was actively using and drinking! But I still feel the little part of me that gets angry that I cannot live medication free. I used to be the type that didn't like taking aspirin for a headache! But I've come to terms with the fact that I cannot stop taking my SSRI (anti-anxiety and anti-depressant medication, its in one pill) medication, I've tried a few times to wean off and BAM, I'm back to square one with agoraphobia, anxiety attacks, severe depression, and relentless crying jags. So if that one little pill keeps me walking straight on the path of life, and keeps me from going "NUTZ", I can live with that!

SisterHelp;

Does you sister take her meds as prescribed??? I don't remember if you mentioned how she takes her oxy. If she is taking it by the prescription label, but is afraid to try to get off of it for fear of pain returning, maybe she needs to have her doctor try her out on a "drug holiday", which is a short period of time that the doctor weans her off her meds so slowly that she should not withdraw like a junkie coming off herion, it should be more gentle. The while she's weaning off, other alternatives could be started up, like a lidocaine patch (non-narcotic numbing patch that the Dr. can prescribe to put on her back to help numb nerve and muscle pain), Physical Therapy (slow and gentle at first, working upward), massage therapy, and possible a TENS unit. She'll know right away if she NEEDS the pain medication or just WANTS it. Of course this won't "cure" her if she WANTS it she's going to have her doctor put her right back on it, and then things may go downhill until she hits a bottom (hopefully a high bottom, like an intervention from you and your family and friends coaxing her to get addiction help) OR she really NEEDS it and will just take it as prescribed while continuing to do alternative therapies as well. Because most likely, if she just likes the Oxy for a buzz, she won't continue the alternative therapies, and she'll have excuses for not doing so. So if you can find out if she's abusing those pills (running out early) that can help you decide how to go about helping her find her way to sobriety before anything really bad happens (like overdosing, or getting cut-off by her doctor if he finds out she's abusing the pills, and so on). You sound like a wonderful and concerned sister! You can't make her stop if she's off and running, but you sure can try to steer her away from becoming a real full-phledged junky that starts lying, steeling, and cheating for drugs. I really hope she is taking the Oxy for pain only and is not abusing them. I am praying for you and her.

Love

Jaz
__________________
Practice "self-compassion". Let go of those "stupid" everyday trivial things that can bring a recovering addict to their knees. Its more important to focus on yourself and love yourself even if you do "mess-up a bit".
jazpoppy is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Old 08-26-2008, 06:32 AM   #11 (permalink)
Member
 

Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Berea,Ohio
Posts: 397
Blog Entries: 2
Your sister is the only one who can make the decision, but her mind is clouded by fear.Fear of the pain of a real injury and fear of pain from withdrawal.They are very different, and the withdrawal pain can be allot worse and trick a person.Pain is scary, but I feel it is a necessary part of healing.I know it is hard to understand, but her actions should tell you if she needs someone to intervene.If you sense opiate abuse, there is a justifiable reason to have concern, but again it is up to her.Nobody can get forced to change, it comes from within.
hairgirl is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Reply With Quote
Reply

Bookmarks


Currently Active Users Viewing this Thread: 1 (0 members and 1 guests)
 
Thread Tools
Display Modes

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off



All times are GMT -7. The time now is 05:51 AM.


 

© 2007 SoberRecovery, LLC.
A proud member of the SoberRecovery® Network of Addiction and Recovery Websites

The SoberRecovery Forums are operated under a grant from The Mulligan Group


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073